The basic detector unit was tested using 230-MeV proton beam from a synchrotron facility, where we demonstrated its potential ability to discriminate major ion species accelerated in laser-plasma experiments (i.e., protons, deuterons, carbon, and oxygen ions) with excellent energy and mass resolution. With a novel arrangement of multiple scintillators with different ions stopping powers, PCA offers potential advantages over commonly used diagnostic instruments (CR-39, radiochromic films, Thomson parabola, etc.) in terms of coverage solid angle, detection efficiency for GeV-ions, and real-time analysis during the experiment. The diagnosis provides a mass-dependent ion energy spectrum based on time-of-flight and pulse-height analysis of single particle events detected through repetitive experiments. The proposed diagnostic concept would be essential for a better understanding of laser-driven particle acceleration, which paves the way toward all-optical compact accelerators for a range of applications.Ībstract = "Particle counting analysis (PCA) with a multi-stage scintillation detector shows a new perspective on angularly resolved spectral characterization of GeV-scale, multi-species ion beams produced by high-power lasers. Some electronic tally counters also offer the ability to count by intervals, or maintain multiple counts at once.Particle counting analysis (PCA) with a multi-stage scintillation detector shows a new perspective on angularly resolved spectral characterization of GeV-scale, multi-species ion beams produced by high-power lasers. These counters have an advantage over their mechanical counterparts in their ability to rapidly reset the tally to zero. This mechanism is used to turn all the dials on the count display at once, typically back to 0000.ĭigital tally counters function in a similar way, but use an electronic button, rather than mechanical action, to change tally on the count display. To reset mechanical counters, there is typically a dial, knob or other lever or button located on the side of the device. After the count has reached 0009 by repeating the same method, then the second ring will advance one step and the first ring will come back to zero to display a 0010 on the count screen. In a mechanical counter, this causes the first numeric ring of the count display to advance by one number. In mechanical or electronic tally counters, the counter is activated by pressing a button located around the count display.
Tally counters are available in mechanical, electronic, or software (tally apps), or app-integrated varieties. Usually a small handheld device, tally counters are used for a variety of purposes such as to count people, to count industrial steps, to count workouts, to track sporting event scores, to tally scientific data, or to report on the number of sales calls. You've now completed and calculated the tally.Ī "Tally Counter" is a device used to keep a tally or a count. Add the remaining tally marks from the unfinished tally group, if any, to this total. When you are done, count the number of tally groups, (those with 5 tally marks including the diagonal line) and multiply this total by 5. This pattern continues untill you are done counting.
The next unit in the tally starts a new tally group of up to 4 vertical lines followed by a fifth tally mark through them diagonally. This diagonal line along with the 4 other tally marks represents a tally group of 5 tally marks.
When there are 4 vertical lines representing a calculated tally of 4, the next line drawn should be a diagonal line through these 4. Next, for each unit you would like to tally, add another line next to the first. To create a tally, start by drawing a vertical line on a piece of paper, chalk or white board, piece of wood, or anywhere else you would like to keep a tally. A tally or hand tally consists of "tally marks," representing the smallest individual unit of the objects to be tallied, and "tally groups," consisting of 5 total tally marks, allowing for more rapid counting (by fives rather than ones).
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